The videos enrich the topic covered in the article.

Kalaripayattu, Ancient Martial Art

Kalaripayattu is considered by many to be the oldest martial art in the world. Its history is deeply connected to the Indian state of Kerala. It is a complete system that encompasses combat, physical training, spiritual practice, and traditional medicine.

History and Origins

This system dates back approximately 3,500 years. Like all disciplines of such ancient origin, its beginnings are wrapped in legend. The space where training takes place is called the Kalari, with a red earth floor and a small altar dedicated to the deities. It is linked to Dravidian culture, which is believed to be over 7,000 years old. This culture is thought to have originated from a population in southern Iran that migrated to India, bringing its own language and traditions. It is associated with the Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam peoples, now widespread throughout southern India. Around 1,800 years ago, the arrival of the Aryans led to a fusion of cultures that gave rise to Indo-Aryan civilization.

This discipline was practiced—as it still is today—for self-defense and by military forces. During British colonial rule, its practice was banned out of fear that it might encourage rebellion among its followers. Like other traditions that had fallen into obscurity, it managed to rise again in the 20th century and was revalued.

Technical and Philosophical Aspects

This art is characterized by fluid and agile movements that, at times, resemble a dance. It is based on a perfect balance between mind and body, breath control (Pranayama), and the inner search for the self.

Training

Training begins with greetings and a series of basic stances inspired by animals (here, one finds analogies with certain styles of Kung Fu). It continues with exercises to improve flexibility, followed by bare-handed techniques, and concludes with weapons training: sticks of various lengths, swords and shields, daggers, spears, and a particular flexible sword that, for those like me who have practiced Wushu, closely resembles the one used in saber forms.

Even though this art has been passed down orally, it inevitably brings to mind the legendary Bodhidharma, who—according to legend—arrived at the Shaolin Temple to modify and enhance the Kung Fu already practiced there, transforming it into the style that has survived to this day.

Today, this style is practiced all over the world, both for self-defense and for physical and philosophical well-being. Within it, one can also find connections to Yoga and Ayurveda. The martial art is distinguished by fluid and acrobatic movements and by the knowledge of vital points (Marma).

1. What is Kalaripayattu?

Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest martial arts in the world, originating in Kerala, South India. It combines combat techniques, weapon training, and physical conditioning with elements of healing and spirituality. The word “Kalari” means training ground, and “Payattu” means fight or practice.

2. How old is Kalaripayattu?

Its roots trace back to the Sangam period (600 BCE – 300 CE), and it flourished during the 11th–12th centuries. Some legends even link it to Parashurama, a warrior sage said to have created Kerala and taught martial arts to its people.

3. What does Kalaripayattu training involve?

Training includes body conditioning, flexibility drills, strikes, kicks, grappling, and mastery of weapons like swords, spears, and sticks. Students also learn breathing techniques and meditation to develop mental focus.

4. Is Kalaripayattu connected to other traditions?

Yes! It has influenced Kerala’s classical dance forms like Kathakali and Theyyam, and is believed to have inspired martial arts like Kung Fu through Bodhidharma, a South Indian monk who traveled to China.

5. Who can learn Kalaripayattu?

Anyone with discipline and dedication can learn it. Training is available for all ages, and many schools offer beginner-friendly programs while preserving traditional methods.

6. How can I subscribe to the newsletter or get updates?

You can sign up for newsletters from Kalaripayattu academies or cultural organizations to receive updates on workshops, performances, and training programs. Just visit their official websites and look for the subscription form.